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AN ADDRESS 

Uijai Pgtlftmt SCmgfjiljnofc iJfemta 

by 

HENRY WAYLAND HILL 

of 
BUFFALO, N. Y. 



(Enpij Nn. 



Compliments of 

HENRY WAYLAND HILL 

BUFFALO, N. Y. 






C From the 
press of 2Jtj* 
®Jiftt*-?Ehattfl- 

in Buffalo 



"What Pythian Knighthood Means" 

By HON. HENRY WAYLAND HILL, LL. D. 

N. Y. State Senator and Member of William Mc- 
Kinley Lodge No. 399, of K. of P., of Buffalo, N. Y # 

[Delivered on the occasion of the public official visit of the 
Grand Chancellor, Max L. Holtz to the Fortieth District, in 
Gothic Hall, in the Masonic Temple, at Rochester, N. Y., on 
December 7th, 1904. Revised for this publication]. 

Mr. Chairman, Grand Chancellor, Max L. Holtz, Grand 
Lodge officers, Brother Knights, Ladies and Gentlemen: 

The presence of this large assemblage of the citizens 
of Rochester and of Pythian Knights of this and other 
States, and the events of this evening, are a fitting 
compliment to you, Grand Chancellor Holtz, and will 
make your official visit to the 40th district memorable 
in the history of Pythianism. The spirit of good fellow- 
ship exhibited on this occasion is some indication of 
the high esteem in which you are held by your fellow- 
townsmen and by the members of this Order. These 
brothers have assembled to express to you their apprecia- 
tion of the signal honor bestowed upon you in your eleva - 
tion to Pythian leadership in this State. The inspiration 
of your enthusiasm has been felt by Pythian Knights in 
all parts of this grand domain. Your interest in the 
welfare of this Order has been manifested in many ways, 
and is shown here tonight in the presence of the two, 
Rochester companies of the Uniform Rank, which have 

5 



HENRY W.HILL 

acted as your escort. They have well merited the dis- 
tinction of being among the best drilled companies in 
the State and the members of the Order, belonging to 
these companies, are attaining for themselves accom- 
plishments of body and mind, which military authorities 
assert contribute to health, intellectual vigor and long 
life. Military training produces the "stately bearing" 
of a Knight, "When Knighthood was in Flower," and is 
characterized by energy, alertness and discipline of high 
order. In times of peace, when our citizens are engaged 
in their ordinary vocations, they may thus undergo 
such discipline as will fit them for military service in 
time of war. This tends to make them good soldiers and 
patriotic citizens. Many patriotically disposed young 
men have joined the Knights of Pythias and become 
members of the Uniform Rank, in order that they might 
have the advantage of its military training. There are 
about 45,000 members of the Uniform Rank of knights 
of Pythias in the United States, who are drilled accord- 
ing to the most approved army standards. This con- 
stitutes a body of men nearly as large as the standing 
army of the United States. They may be made ready 
for active service on short notice, as was done during 
the recent Spanish-American war, when they went into 
service of the United States army, and were placed in 
command of some of its companies. Pythian Knighthood 
therefore developes patriotic citizenship, for its members 
are taught to revere the flag and uphold the form of 
government under which they reside. But Pythian 
Knighthood means much more than this, and its benefi- 
cent teachings will be better understood, when its 
principles are the better known. 

6 



PYTHIAN KNIGHTHOOD 

It had its conception in the friendship existing 
between Damon and Pythias, and the Order was founded 
on February 19th, 1864, in the City of Washington, D. C., 
by Justus Henry Rathbone. This was during the Rebel- 
lion, when the country was in the throes of civil war, 
when the Southern States were arrayed against the 
Northern States, and the perpetuity of the Nation was 
in jeopardy. Family ties had been sundered, bloodshed 
and carnage involved the country in general gloom. 
It was during this dark period, that the star of Pythian- 
ism rose in the East, shedding the light of friendship and 
brotherly love into the homes and across the battle 
fields, strewn with the bones of the valiant sons of the 
North and the South, who had lost their lives in deadly 
combat. 

The proclamation of such friendship at such a 
time was not unlike that of the heralding of "Peace on 
Earth, Good Will to Men," over the plains of Judea, 
"when the morning stars sang together." The friend- 
ship between Damon and Pythias was of so high an 
order that it prompted one to offer his life as a ransom 
for the other, and thus fulfilled the divine idea of our 
Saviour, who said "Greater love hath no man than this, 
that a man lay down his life for his friends." It may 
be of interest to inquire into the causes of such friendship 
at a period, when a large part of the world was ruled 
by Heathen Nations, engaged in frequent wars and when 
human life was regarded as of little value. Damon and 
Pythias were Pythagoreans, who lived in the fourth 
century B. C. They drank deeply at the wellspring of 
this philosophy. They imbibed its principles and were 
transformed into living exponents of its teachings. 

7 



HENRY W.HILL 

They had an exalted conception of brotherhood. To 
them friendship was more than a temporary expendiency, 
It was a living principle, based on the belief that they 
were possessed of a kinship of spirit. The dramatist 
makes Pythias state it in some such language as this, 
that "Damon is another myself/' It was a new philos- 
ophy. Whence came it? Did it eminate from a report 
of the friendship between David and Jonathan? There 
is no evidence of this. Was it taught by the early Greek 
philosophers? Certainly not before the age of Pythag- 
oras. He is supposed to have been born at Sidon about 
582 B. C, but passed his youth with his parents, who 
were natives of Samos, celebrated for its commerce, 
literature and art, 

"... beside the wild encircling seas." 

Was this a maxim of the cultus of the age? No, for 
that was the age of tyrants, one of whom, Polycrates, 
drove Pythagoras from Samos and another, Dionysius 
of Syracuse, condemned a disciple of Pythagoras to 
death. The inhumanity of man to man was never more 
prevalent. It existed everywhere and for centuries later. 
Neither "The Morals" of Seneca, nor "The Meditations" 
of Marcus Aurelius, both of whom lived several hundred 
years later, inculcate so pure and noble a friendship as 
that between Damon and Pythias. It matters little 
what the teachings of the Flower of Pagan Philosophy 
were, when it is remembered that its author, the so- 
called "peace loving Emperor," permitted his reign to 
be stained by the blood of innocent persons, who were 
the victims of a cruel religious persecution. We find, 
however, in the Pythagorean Philosophy, a more humane 

8 



PYTHIAN KNIGHTHOOD 

code of ethics, which its founder taught and put into 
actual practice long before Socrates made his unsuccess- 
ful defense before the Areopagus. 

A brief resume of the life of Pythagoras may be of 
interest to members of this Order. His father, Mnesar- 
chus, a descendant of Ancaeus of Homeric fame, and 
wealthy merchant, traded at Sidon, and other Mediter- 
ranean ports and is said to have erected a temple to 
Apollo at Samos. His mother was Parthenis, but her 
name was changed to Pythias in remembrance of the 
Oracle of Apollo, which foretold the birth to her of a 
son of beauty and wisdom. Pythagoras grew in wisdom 
and his youthful years were characterized by "mildness, 
moderation and temperance." The Samians "loaded 
him with praises and benedictions.' ' While still a youth 
at Samos he was contemplative, and we may imagine 
him to have been moved upon by the unseen powers of 
nature very much as was our American poet on the New 
England coast, who said: 

"In youth, beside the lonely sea, 
Voices and visions came to me. 
In every wind, I felt the stir 
Of some celestial messenger." 

He was a lover of nature, and in this respect, the 
prototype of one of the most gifted British poets, who 
has said that : 

"There is a pleasure in the pathless woods, 

There is a rapture on the lonely shore, 

There is society, where none intrudes, 

By the deep sea, and music in its roar: 

I love not man the less, but nature more, 

From these our interviews in which I steal 

From all I may be, or have been before 

To mingle with the Universe, and feel 

What I can ne'er express, yet cannot all conceal." 

9 



HENRY W. HILL 

After having acquired such information as was 
possible at Samos, he, at eighteen years of age, visited 
Thales at Miletus, and afterwards went to Sidon, an 
important commercial port. 

Thereafter he went to Egypt and later to Mt. Carmel, 
Babylon and other centers of learning. He was a co- 
temporary of the prophets, Ezekiel and Daniel, and of 
the Egyptian King, Amasis II, through whose friend- 
ship he was introduced to the Egyptian priesthood, 
where he spent twenty-five years in the study of the 
Egyptian mysteries, and became "learned in all the 
wisdom of the Egyptians." It is said that he was 
versed in the arts of Ancient Egypt, the science of 
Arabia, the philosophy of Phoenicia, the lore of the 
Chaldean sages and the occult mysteries of the Persian 
Magi. He located in Crotona, in Magna Graecia, in 
southern Italy, and there founded a school of philoso- 
phy, the members of which were united into a brother- 
hood "with common religious observances and pursuits 
of science, especially mathematics and music." Similar 
organizations were formed in other cities of Magna 
Graecia and at Syracuse. It is said that his teachings 
tended "to produce a calm bearing and an elevated 
tone of character, through which those trained in the 
discipline^ the Pythagorean life, exhibited in their per- 
sonal and social capacities a reflection of the order and 
harmony of the universe." 

Pythagoras was a student of nature, an explorer 
of the wonders of the universe and the first to take the 
new appellation "philosopher." He brought to his 
generation the wisdom of those ancient peoples, whose 
history runs back to Chaldean cylinders and Egyptian 

10 



PYTHIAN KNIGHTHOOD 

obelisks. He was something of an ambassador, com- 
missioned by the Asiatics and the Egyptians to carry 
the torch of truth, as they saw it, to the Europeans. 
Accordingly, at the very dawn of the Classic Period, he 
journeyed from Mesopotamia, and possibly from India, 
westward to Samos, thence to Sparta and later to Italy, 
disseminating this intelligence among Grecian communi- 
ties, in some of which his followers exerted a marked 
influence on the thought of their own and subsequent gen- 
erations. The sweep of his mental vision like that of 

"The poet's eye " 

that 

"Doth glance from heaven to earth, from earth to 
heaven," 

took in the world, in which he moved and also the star- 
bespangled firmament above. He had the atmosphere 
and amplitude about him, that gave him a comprehen- 
sive view of the then known world. His work was 
original and enduring. He was a mathematician. He 
discovered the 47th proposition of the first book of 
Euclid, "that the squares on the hypothenuse of a right 
angled triangle are equal to the sum of the squares on 
the other two sides." He applied the triangle and the 
sexangle described within circles in the investigation of 
physical phenomena. He maintained that by means of 
the triangle may be discovered the secrets of the uni- 
verse. It was at the basis of his mathematical system. 
In Egypt it represented the trinity of Osiris, the father, 
Isis, the mother, and Horus, the son. The Pythagoreans 
regarded it as a sacred symbol and bound themselves 
together by an oath taken upon it. In this Order it 

11 



HENRY W, HILL 

represents the trinity of Friendship, Charity and Benevo- 
lence. Pythagoras taught in his system that the sub- 
stance of things was abstract numbers, which were the 
elements of the universe, and that harmony or music 
consists in the recurrence of numbers. As he thus 
discoursed on the laws of harmony and the nature of 
music, which has been said to be "one of the oldest of 
the arts and the basis of oratory and poetry/ ' his sensi- 
tive being responded to Nature's melodies. For him 

"The sweet Muses in the neighbouring bowers" 
did 

"Sweep their wild harps." 

The humming bees, the warbling birds, the singing 
rivulets, the lull of falling waters, the sighing of the 
wind through fields of waving grain and forests of red- 
olent pines, "the artillery of heaven" reverberating from 
distant mountain peaks and the diapason of old ocean's 
ceaseless and majestic roll, are harmonious and musical 

"To him who in the love of Nature holds 
Communion with her visible forms." 

Two thousand years before the Copernican system 
was promulgated, Pythagoras taught that the earth and 
heavenly bodies were spherical and moved around a 
central body, which he supposed was a mass of fire. In 
the flight of his fancy he conceived of the music of the 
spheres, and taught that heavenly bodies revolved 
around the center of the universe in rhythmic movements, 
producing celestial music, inaudible to our dull ears, but 
appreciable by intelligences of a higher order. 

Our myriad-minded English poet paraphrases this 
thought as follows: 

12 



PYTHIAN KNIGHTHOOD 

" Look how the floor of heaven 
Is thick inlaid with patines of bright gold ; 
There's not the smallest orb which thou behold'st, 
But in his motion like an angel sings, 
Still quivering to the young-eyed cherubins; 
Such harmony is in immortal souls; 
But whilst this muddy vesture of decay 
Doth grossly close it in, we cannot hear it." 

Permit me to read the following beautiful tribute 
to 



PYTHAGORAS 

BY MARY AGNES TINCKER. 

"He gathered by the templed Nile a store 
Of varied knowledge — Egypt's subtle lore. 
He learned Chaldean science — all the page 
Sparkling with starry signs of many an age. 
The Cretan magi taught him; earth and skies 
Gave him their occult hints, sweet poesies. 

Was it his joy to hear once more the breeze 
Toss the acanthus leaves, twixt the blue seas 
Of Greece, that brought at last the hour supreme? 
When softly through the husks of life a stream 
Of song divine stole on his raptured ears, 
And 'round him burst the music of the spheres! 

Surges ineffable went sweeping by, 

A myriad-voiced, majestic symphony; 

The sun flashed forth his chants, and echoed back, 

The antiphon rang from the Zodiac; 

Star called and answered star; and all in tune 

The days and seasons set their measured rune. 

He heard the silvery whisper from afar 
Where timid dawn leans o'er the morning star; 
The crashing orchestra of darkness, where 
Memories of chaos shudder in the air; 
On the black cloud sun-burst and mist unroll 
In choral tones the rainbow's magic scroll. 



13 



HENRY W, HILL 

The frolic song of rivulets that play 

Round the dumb rocks in tantalizing spray; 

The cataract's impassioned monotone; 

The tuneful sweep of rivers, bright and lone: 

The lullaby Titantic, full of dreams, 

Where savage oceans rock their cradled streams! 

Such music, wild and deep, thundered and hurled 

And clashed beneath the dream-shapes of the world : 

A cadenced passing of all passing things 

Across a sea that still forever sings: 

The listener felt in his expanding soul, 

From chord to chord its wakening anthem roll. 

Then knew he what the shape and color mean 

That set the poet singing: — moonlight's sheen, 

The blush of clouds, the storm, the star, the sea 

Touches to set the prisoned music free 

In melodies close to the .dizzy verge 

Where discord lurks, and love and life emerge. 



Then knew he that the sculptured marble grew 
Curved to a rhythmic breath blown strongly through 
The sculptor's listening being as he wrought, 
Freeing to harmony his struggling thought, 
And how the orator's persuasive tone 
Draws the whole jangled crowd to unison. 

Let him who never saw nor heard the sea 
Mock at the shell's attesting monody, 
It was no myth the man of Samos taught: 
For him whose earnest and illumined thought 
Makes its own pathway through the dust of things 
Creation's music, like a fount up-springs." 

This harmony of the universe was one of the cardinal 
principles of his system of philosophy, and was pro- 
duced by obeying the mathematical laws of harmony. 
This he announced in his teachings to the three hundred 
members of his select brotherhood. His disciples were 
many, who did 

" . feed on thoughts, that voluntary move 
Harmonious numbers . . . . . " 

14 



PYTHIAN KNIGHTHOOD 

This may account for the Grecian theory that 
music is the foundation of all the arts, entering into 
perfect culture. 

His system comprehended a wide range of scien- 
tific, ethical and moral problems, many of which for a 
long time were unknown, but which are now coming to 
light. Time will permit me to mention but few of them. 
He had a high regard for womanhood. He was tem- 
perate in all things. He taught that fear was the deadly 
foe of knowledge; that men should banish fear from 
their thoughts in order to acquire a mastery of nature 
and a preparedness for life's greatest achievements. 
He also taught that men should control their passions 
and not give way to outbursts of anger; that they should 
be temperate in their conduct, and should cultivate 
those qualities that are the outgrowth of true friend- 
ship. He died about 504 B. C, at Metapontum. 

"The sun set; but set not his hope: 
Stars rose; his faith was earlier up: 
Fixed on the enormous galaxy, 
Deeper and older seemed his eye: 
And matched his sufference sublime 
The taciturnity of time. 
He spoke, and words more soft than rain 
Brought the Age of Gold again: 
His action won such reverence sweet, 
As hid all measure of the feat." 

Although Pythagoras did not commit his system to 
writing, enough of it has come down to later generations 
through the writings of Philolaus, Hierocles, Archytas 
and others, to show that he was an original thinker and 
a philosopher, or lover of wisdom, and that his teachings 
have contributed to the brotherhood of man and the 
civilization of the race. Some of his teachings, such as 

15 



HENRY W, HILL 

the transmigration of souls, did not find favor with his 
own or later generations. 

But a hundred years before Socrates taught the 
youth of Athens in the Agora that he was governed by 
a daemon, a divine sign, or supernatural voice, Pytha- 
goras is said to have uttered this sentiment: ■ 

"And yet be bold, O man, divine thou art, 
And of the Gods celestial essence part; 
Nor sacred Nature is from thee conceal' d 
But to thy Race her Mystic Rules revealed." 

His system of philosophy is comprehensive and 
many of its principles are worthy of study today. It 
antedates the Phaedon of Plato, the Politics of Aris- 
totle and has affected all subsequent philosophical 
discussion, as shown in the writings of the Greek philos- 
ophers, in Cicero's Tusculan Disputation on Friendship, 
entitled "De Amicitia" and in other ways. 

After the death of Socrates, Plato visited Syracuse 
and there met Archytas, a famous Pythagorean philos- 
opher, mathematician and statesman, from whom he is 
supposed to derive some of his philosophical opinions 
and from whom Aristotle is said to have obtained the 
theory of his categories. It thus appears that Plato and 
Aristotle were both indebted to Pythagoras. While at 
Syracuse, Plato is said to have incurred the displeasure 
of Dionysius, the younger, and to have been rescued by 
Archytas, as Pythias had saved Damon from the fury of 
Dionysius, the elder. Pythianism derives its teaching 
in regard to friendship from the Pythagorean system of 
philosophy, which inculcates peace and concord among 
men and whose refrain is heard in such words as 

16 



PYTHIAN KNIGHTHOOD 

"The war drum" shall "throb no longer and the battle 
flags" be "furl'd 
In the Parliament of man, the federation of the world." 

But it may be asked how the friendship of Damon and 
Pythias differed from that existing between Theseus and 
Pirithous, or from that between Achilles and Patroclus ; 
or from that between Orestes and Pylades, or from that 
between Epaminondas and Pelopidas. These were in- 
stances of friendship, springing from motives of pleasure, 
or utility, whereas that existing between Damon and 
Pythias sprang from disinterested love, the ideal friend- 
ship of virtue, "the friendship par excellence of Pythian 
Knighthood." This is not merely sentiment, but rather 
the deepest affection, which one soul is capable of 
expressing towards another. It is not transitory and 
fleeting, but abiding and blossoms forth in perennial 
beauty, exhaling its fragrance on all. 

It does not yield to every breezy rumor, like "a 
reed shaken with the wind," but is steadfast, and when 
popular clamor turns against a brother, it is as resolute 
as the sturdy oak that defies the storm. 

The poet says such friendship is the 

"...'. peculiar boon of heaven, 
The noble mind's delight and pride, 
To men and angels only given 
To all the lower world denied." 

It is represented in this Order by the blue in our 
banner, emblematic of the azure vault of heaven. 

Purity, honor and brotherly love are its chief 
attributes. 

It includes other noble virtues. It blossoms forth 
into acts of charity and deeds of benevolence. These 
virtues are the golden fruit of Pythian Friendship and 

17 



HENRY W. HILL 

are among the principles inculcated by the Order. Its 
members are taught to exemplify them in their lives. 
Such was the purpose of its founder. Justus Henry 
Rathbone was a native of Utica, N. Y. ; a teacher, play- 
wright and musical composer, whose mazurka was 
played at the Inaugural Ball of President Garfield. He 
wrote a play entitled "Pocahontas in Black," and the 
first ritual of this Order. He was educated in the 
schools and collegiate institutions of this State. His 
refined and cultured nature responded to the noble 
impulses of friendship and brotherly love, exemplified 
in the teachings and in the lives of the followers of 
Pythagoras. As the Aeolian Harp is played upon by the 
Zephyrs of Heaven, so was his sentient being affected 
by the soul inspiring sentiments of this philosopher. 
The story of Damon and Pythias awakened in him 
emotions akin to those of the Pythagorean votaries. 
He cast this story into one of the most beautiful rituals 
ever written. He is the most illustrious example of the 
teachings of the great philosopher in modern times and 
the Order, which he founded, has an active membership 
in this State of approximately 25,000 and a total active 
membership of 600,000. Since its inception nearly 
2,000,000 persons have become members of this Order. 
Walter B. Richie, Past Supreme Chancellor, who revised 
the ritual and is one of the foremost Pythians of the 
Order, once said that "Justus H. Rathbone had done 
more to unite the friendship of more men than any 
other man of that century." Its growth in this and other 
American countries and in the isles of the sea has been 
phenomenal. It is one of the youngest, yet third largest 
fraternal organization in the world. Its influence 

18 



PYTHIAN KNIGHTHOOD 

directly tends to promote the brotherhood of men and 
of Nations. The sweep of its influence will ultimately 
include European and other foreign peoples as its benefi- 
cent principles are, the more widely extended. It has 
done much to relieve the distress of the suffering in such 
calamities as the Johnstown flood, the Yellow Fever 
Plague at the South and the Galveston disaster. It 
always responds promptly to the appeals of its members, 
and to those of their families in distress. It has erected 
orphanages for the children of its deceased members, 
provided homes for its aged members and practiced 
various other forms of philanthropy. Its charitable 
and benevolent work is evidenced in many ways, and it 
is performing a humane and commendable mission. The 
golden ties of friendship, formed among its members, are 
those which are "touched by the better angels of our 
nature/' and are among its priceless benefits. In this 
commercial age, when business and professional pur- 
suits tend to produce social disintegration, it is fortu- 
nate that there are such counter influences at work, 
which bring men into social organizations. Everything 
done in this Order makes for the development of brother- 
hood and the elevation, happiness and betterment of 
mankind. Man's social and moral nature is thus devel- 
oped, his sympathies are broadened and his love for his 
fellow-men becomes a guiding principle in life. All these 
and many other virtues are exemplified in the teachings 
of Pythian Knighthood, which affords many illustrious 
examples of as noble a friendship as ever bound man to 
man. This is the friendship that promotes world-wide 
fellowship and is beautifully expressed in the words of 
the poet. 

19 



HENRY W. HILL 

"Ah, Knights! It s a glorious plan, 
This changeless fellowship of man. 
Not like the lover's 'wildering bliss; 
Not like the first impassioned kiss; 
These are life's ecstacies divine, 
That blend like bubbles in the wine, 
But as the river to the sea, 
Steadfast and true your love must be; 
Constant, undimmed, your friendship run 
As planet circling 'round the sun." 

This, as well as other American Fraternal Orders, 
inculcate in their teachings such broad principles, as 
toleration in religion, obedience to law and loyalty to 
government. They promote peace and unity among 
men and nations. Pythian Knighthood also developes 
the best traits of the individual and brings out whatever 
good there is in him. It fosters all the noble virtues, 
such as friendship, charity and benevolence in their 
broadest and deepest sense. It teaches that there are 
opportunities still for the performance of deeds of valor 
in the complex life of today, as there were in the age 
when men exhibited towards their fellow-men, 

"The faith, which Knights to Knighthood bore, 
And whate'er else to chivalry belongs." 

As Mont Blanc is bathed in the glory of the sun's 
effulgency long before other Alpine peaks catch his 
morning light, so did Pythagoras receive the light of 
fraternal truth long before other Greek philosophers 
caught its meaning. Through his disciples, he trans- 
mitted it to subsequent ages. This and other systems 
of truth unite to make us better and nobler and to give 
us a truer conception of life, its possibilities and its 
destiny, until we shall take our flight to "that undis- 

20 



PYTHIAN KNIGHTHOOD 

covered country from whose bourn no traveller returns," 
when the glory of the heavens, as Pythagoras saw them 
nearly 2,500 years ago, alone remain, so beautifully 
expressed in the following Sonnet entitled, " A Far Shore :" 

"On a far shore my land swam far from sight, 

But I could see familiar native stars ; 

My home was shut from me by ocean bars, 
Yet home hung there above me in the night; 
Unchanged fell down on me Orion's light; 

As always, Venus rose, and fiery Mars; 

My own the Pleiads yet; and without jars 
In wonted tones sang all the heavenly height. 
So when in death, from underneath my feet 

Rolls the round world, I then shall see the sky 
. Of God's truth burning yet familiarly; 
My native constellations I shall greet; 

I lose the outer, not the inner eye, 

The landscape, not the soul's stars, when I die." 



21 



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